Japan
UnitedStates
China
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DubaiAbuDhabi
Turkey
South Africa
Nigeria
Egypt
Morocco
KenyaDubaiAbuDhabi
2 Chapter Basic knowledge
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Basic knowledge
■Official Name:Emirate of Dubai (also spelled Dubay). Dubai is part of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)
■National Flag.png)
■National Land/ Area:
Dubai is located along the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates, it is the second largest by area, measuring 1,588 sq. mi. (4,110 km2). Lies directly with the Arabian desert, this desert surrounding the city supports wild grasses and occasional date palms.
■Map of the United Arab Emirates.
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■Map of Dubai.png)
■CapitalDubai is the city and capital of the Emirate of Dubai, a city with skyscrapers, ports, and beaches, where a lot of businesses take place, tourism is popular too. Dubai is considered as a relatively crime-free city due to administrative efficiency and openness; this has encouraged growth. Trade remains to be the main economic activity; the city has two of the world’s largest ports and a busy international air cargo hub.
■ClimateDubai has a year-round hot climate, the Köppen Classification for the UAE is Tropical and Subtropical Desert Climate. Humidity is high in the summer months and moderate the rest of the year, the coldest month is usually January, and July is the hottest.
■Time DifferenceTime Zone is GST Gulf Standard Time, Dubai has no daylight-saving time, is 8 hours ahead of New York. Japan is 5 hours ahead of Dubai.
■PopulationDubai has grown steadily, from a few thousand local inhabitants to over two million inhabitants, this growth has to do with commerce, the United Arab Emirates has a very diverse population, of which only 10% are UAE nationals and the remainder is made up of expatriates, this happens as well in Dubai.
■Population Comparison in Dubai.png)
source: Governmnenr of DubaiAccording to the World Bank the population in the UAE in 2019 is 9.68 Million, and according to different sources the amount may vary. The Population growth rate in 2018 was 1.44%.
Population in the UAE by age group.
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■EthnicityEthnic groups in the UAE by 2015 are Emirati 11.6%, South Asian 59.4% (includes Indian 38.2%, Bangladeshi 9.5%, Pakistani 9.4%, other 2.3%), Egyptian 10.2%, Filipino 6.1%, other 12.8%. There is an increase of Europeans in the UAE mainly in cities like Dubai.
■LanguageDubai's official language is Arabic, but English is the lingua franca and is more commonly used than Arabic in the daily communications between the city's residents. Other spoken languages are Malayalam, Sindhi, Hindi, Tamil, Balochi, Tagalog, Persian, Urdu, Bengali and Kurdish.
■CurrencyThe official currency of the UAE is the Dirham (AED). Since 1980, the Dirham has been attached to the USD. One Dirham is subdivided into 100 fils.
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■ReligionThe official religion in Dubai is Islam, most of the official public holidays are based on the Islamic calendar. Almost all religions are tolerated, except Judaism. In the UAE Islam has 76% of the population, 9% is from Christians, approximately 10% Hindu or Buddhist faiths, and less than 5% other religions.
■Political SystemThe UAE is a Federation of Monarchies, has a mixed legal system of Islamic law and civil law and political parties are banned. The seven emirates are considered as administrative divisions.
Executive Branch: The Chief of state is the president, currently Khalifa bin Zayid Al-Nuhayyan is the President since 2004, the Vice President and Prime Minister is Muhammad Bin Rashid Al- Maktum since 2006, he is the head of the government. There must be a cabinet, a Council of Ministers announced by the prime minister and approved by the president. The President and Vice President are indirectly elected by the Federal Supreme Council (FSC), that is composed of the rulers of the seven emirates. The prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president. The FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets 4 times a year; Abu Dhabi and Dubai rulers have effective veto power.
Legislative Branch: A Unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani has 40 seats; 20 members indirectly elected by an electoral college whose members are selected by each emirate ruler proportional to its FNC membership, and 20 members appointed by the rulers of the 7 constituent states; members serve 4-year terms.
Judicial Branch: Federal Supreme Court consists of the court president and 4 judges; jurisdiction limited to federal cases. judges appointed by the federal president following approval by the Federal Supreme Council, the highest executive and legislative authority consisting of the 7 emirate rulers; judges serve until retirement age or the expiry of their appointment terms. The Federal Court of Cassation determines the constitutionality of laws promulgated at the federal and emirate level; federal level courts of first instance and appeals courts; the emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Ra's al Khaymah have parallel court systems; the other 4 emirates have incorporated their courts into the federal system; the Abu Dhabi Global Market Courts and the Dubai International Financial Center Courts, the country’s two largest financial free zones, both adjudicate civil and commercial disputes.
Dubai Municipality is one of the largest government institutions in the country. It is managed by a director general who in turn is accountable to the chairman of Dubai Municipality, a member of the ruling family. The director general oversees six sectors and 34 departments, which employ about 11,000 people. The municipality not only manages services in the city but is a key driver of economic growth in the emirate.
■Main HistoryThe first settlement in Dubai was from a small fishing village around the 18th century, the city grew rapidly and became a major center for the pearl-diving industry. The ruling family at the time reduced taxes and invited foreign merchants, this led to an expansion in the early 20th century, and Dubai became a successful port. By the 1930s Dubai's population was nearly 20,000, a quarter of whom were expatriates.
The most important moment in Dubai was the discovery of oil in 1966, Sheikh Rashid utilized the oil revenues to develop infrastructure in Dubai, he created Schools, hospitals, roads, a modern telecommunications network, etc. Since the 1960s, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, then ruler of Abu Dhabi, and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum dreamed of creating a federation of the Emirates in the region, and so they did in 1971 when Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and (in 1972) Ras Al Khaimah, joined to create the United Arab Emirates. In 1973, Dubai joined the other emirates, in introducing the UAE dirham.
In the 1990s the city began to diversify, building up its luxury tourism, real estate, and financial sectors. Investments in tourism infrastructure have paid off handsomely over the years.
■EducationThe education system in the United Arab Emirates is almost the same in all the Emirates, it is divided into public and private schools. Primary and Secondary education is free and compulsory for boys and girls from age 5 to 15. In Private schools, international students are taught in English and must take Arabic language classes, Muslim and Arab students have to take Islamic studies. The Ministry of Education of the United Arab Emirates is responsible for accreditation of schools, the supervision of all schools in Dubai, private and public, goes under the Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA).
Kindergarten: The age level is from 4 to 5 years old, it is not compulsory, and includes different activities some of them include art, religion and languages.
Primary Education: The length of the program is 6 years, is compulsory from the age of 5 by the Ministry of Education in the UAE. At primary level, English is the medium of instruction language in most of schools in Dubai. Large numbers of schools which teach children in other foreign languages, French, Hindi, even Russian.
Secondary Education: some schools programs last 6 to 9 years, Compulsory subjects in most of the school include math, social studies, physical education, religion and Arabic. Pupil can choose subjects such as science, languages, sociology, history, computer studies etc. Most of the secondary schools require students to take standardized tests such as, Advanced Placement, SAT, IB Diploma, IGCSE, GCE Advanced level or CBSE.
Some are technical Secondary Schools with programs that can last 6 years.
Tertiary Education: There are two levels the non-university level and the University level, by Higher Colleges of Technology in Abu Dhabi. In the first level are higher technical and vocational studies. The colleges offer a two-year program leading to a Diploma and a three-year program leading to a Higher Diploma. University level studies have two stages:
1) Bachelor's Degree: Studies leading to the bachelor’s degree at the national universities that last 4 years.
2) Master´s Degree: This degree is awarded after one year´s further study beyond the bachelor’s degree and can be in Business Administration, Engineering and Environmental Sciences and a Postgraduate Diploma is offered by the College of Education of the University.
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